Which of the following is NOT considered an adverse action?

A letter of instruction is generally not considered an adverse action because it typically serves as guidance or advice to an employee rather than a punitive measure or formal disciplinary action. In many cases, it is used to provide direction for corrective behavior and does not impose any change in the employee's position, responsibilities, or benefits.

In contrast, an official reprimand, salary reduction, and demotion all involve formal disciplinary measures that negatively impact an employee's status or compensation. These actions can have significant implications for an employee's career and are often documented as part of a disciplinary record. The distinction lies in the intention and impact of the action: while the other options could harm the employee’s position or morale, a letter of instruction is intended to instruct rather than penalize.